Which amendment provides protection against cruel and unusual punishment in prisons?

• A. First Amendment
• B. Fifth Amendment
• C. Eighth Amendment
• D. Sixteenth Amendment

Answer: (C)

The Eighth Amendment provides protection against cruel and unusual punishment, which includes how inmates are treated and the conditions of confinement. This amendment is interpreted to bar inhuman prison conditions and mistreatment, such as extreme overcrowding, unsanitary facilities, or deliberate medical neglect, because such treatment is considered cruel or excessive. The idea is not about punishment in general, but about ensuring that the way punishment is carried out remains humane and proportionate. The other amendments address different rights: the First Amendment covers freedoms of speech, religion, and association; the Fifth covers due process and protections against self-incrimination; the Sixteenth authorizes income tax. So the protection against cruel and unusual punishment in prisons comes from the Eighth Amendment.